Using machine learning to predict the effects and consequences of mutations in proteins

Review

doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102518.

Epub 2023 Jan 3.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24TH St., Austin, 78712, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Stop A5000, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/aiproteins.
² Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Stop C0930, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA.
³ Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Stop A5000, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/CSSBatUT.
⁴ Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Stop C0930, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

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Review

Daniel J Diaz et al.

Curr Opin Struct Biol.

2023 Feb.

doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102518.

Epub 2023 Jan 3.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24TH St., Austin, 78712, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Stop A5000, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/aiproteins.
² Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Stop C0930, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA.
³ Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St., Stop A5000, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/CSSBatUT.
⁴ Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Stop C0930, Austin, 78712, Texas, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].

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Abstract

Machine and deep learning approaches can leverage the increasingly available massive datasets of protein sequences, structures, and mutational effects to predict variants with improved fitness. Many different approaches are being developed, but systematic benchmarking studies indicate that even though the specifics of the machine learning algorithms matter, the more important constraint comes from the data availability and quality utilized during training. In cases where little experimental data are available, unsupervised and self-supervised pre-training with generic protein datasets can still perform well after subsequent refinement via hybrid or transfer learning approaches. Overall, recent progress in this field has been staggering, and machine learning approaches will likely play a major role in future breakthroughs in protein biochemistry and engineering.

Keywords:

Convolutional neural network; Deep learning; Hybrid learning; Mutational effect; Protein engineering; Transformer.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest D.J.D. is a cofounder of Intelligent Proteins, LLC, which uses machine learning for problems of protein engineering. A.V.K., A.D.E., and C·O.W. declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Using machine learning to predict the effects and consequences of mutations in proteins

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